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Publication Number: 1577
FOI Number: 21338
Information Request
I would like to know how many offences have been recorded under the non-fatal strangulation offence (s75A Serious Crime Act 2015 (as amended by Domestic Abuse Act 2021), since it was introduced in June 2022. Please could you tell me the following:
FOI Duty
First Duty – Essex Police does hold information relating to all your request.
Second Duty – See below
Fact – The effort to meet the request will be grossly oppressive in terms of the strain on time and resources that the authority cannot reasonably be expected to comply.
Refusal – Section 17(5) Refusal of request.
Exemption – Section 14(1) Vexatious or repeated requests.
Reasoning – With regard to Question 3, Essex Police would need to manually review and redact nearly 5,000 MO records. To do so would require around 1 minute of time per record which would take in excess of 80 hours to complete.
To review this volume of records would be overly burdensome to complete in terms of the strain on time and resources that the authority is reasonably expected to comply with. This outweighs the public interest in disclosing this information. Consequently, Essex Police are exempt from the duty to provide this information by virtue of the exemption Section 14(1) of the FOIA.
In an Attempt to Assist Outside of the FOIA
To address Questions 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6, Essex Police can provide the following data on Non-Fatal Strangulation offences recorded between 2022 and 2024:
Caveat: The information is correct as at 03 February 2025.
Notes
- All data has been extracted from the Athena crime recording system.
- Arrests were selected by looking for 'Reason for Arrest' descriptions: 'Intentional Strangulation' and 'Attempt to choke, Suffocate or Strangle'
Q1. Non-Fatal Strangulation Offences by Year – 2022 to 2024
|
Year |
Count |
|
2022 |
966 |
|
2023 |
1944 |
|
2024 |
1975 |
|
Total |
4885 |
Q2. Offences Linked to Investigations in Q1 – 2022 to 2024
|
Full Offence Title |
INCLUDED |
PRIMARY |
Total |
|
Administering a substance with intent |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Aggravated Burglary - Residential Home (Dwelling) |
2 |
1 |
3 |
|
Aggravated vehicle taking |
3 |
0 |
3 |
|
Arson endangering life |
2 |
3 |
5 |
|
Arson not endangering life |
2 |
1 |
3 |
|
Assault of a female child under 13 by penetration |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Assault of a male child under 13 by penetration |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
Assault on a female by penetration |
32 |
24 |
56 |
|
Assault on a male by penetration |
0 |
2 |
2 |
|
Assault or assault by beating of a constable |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Assault or assault by beating of an emergency worker (except a constable) |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Assault Other Emergency Worker - Assault occasioning actual bodily harm (ABH) (S.47) |
2 |
1 |
3 |
|
Assault Police - Assault with Injury - Assault occasioning actual bodily harm |
2 |
2 |
4 |
|
Assault Police - Assault with Injury - Malicious wounding: wounding or inflicting grievous bodily harm (Serious wound or equivalent) |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
Assault with Injury - Administering poison with intent to injure or annoy |
13 |
2 |
15 |
|
Assault with Injury - Assault occasioning actual bodily harm |
1903 |
317 |
2220 |
|
Assault with Injury - Malicious wounding: wounding or inflicting grievous bodily harm (Minor wound or equivalent) |
6 |
7 |
13 |
|
Assault with Injury - Malicious wounding: wounding or inflicting grievous bodily harm (Serious wound or equivalent) |
13 |
22 |
35 |
|
Assault with Intent to cause Serious Harm - Torture |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Assault with Intent to cause Serious Harm - Wounding with intent to do grievous bodily harm |
31 |
104 |
135 |
|
Assault without Injury - Common assault and battery |
1459 |
42 |
1501 |
|
Assault without injury on a constable (Police Act offence) |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Attempted - Arson endangering life |
2 |
1 |
3 |
|
Attempted - Assault on a female by penetration |
3 |
0 |
3 |
|
Attempted - Assault with Injury - Administering poison with intent to injure or annoy |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
Attempted - Assault with Injury - Assault occasioning actual bodily harm |
2 |
0 |
2 |
|
Attempted - Assault with Injury - Malicious wounding: wounding or inflicting grievous bodily harm (Minor wound or equivalent) |
0 |
2 |
2 |
|
Attempted - Assault with Injury - Malicious wounding: wounding or inflicting grievous bodily harm (Serious wound or equivalent) |
2 |
0 |
2 |
|
Attempted - Assault with Intent to cause Serious Harm - Wounding with intent to do grievous bodily harm |
13 |
56 |
69 |
|
Attempted - Causing a person to engage in sexual activity without consent: Female person |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Attempted - Harassment - Stalking involving serious alarm/distress |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Attempted - Harming or threatening to harm a witness |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Attempted - Kidnapping - False imprisonment |
2 |
0 |
2 |
|
Attempted - Kidnapping - Kidnapping |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
Attempted - Other criminal damage to a residence (Under £5,000) |
12 |
0 |
12 |
|
Attempted - Other criminal damage, other (Under £5,000) |
11 |
0 |
11 |
|
Attempted - Robbery (of Personal Property) |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
Attempted - Sexual assault on a female |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
Attempted - Theft from the person of another |
2 |
0 |
2 |
|
Attempted - Theft if not classified elsewhere |
2 |
0 |
2 |
|
Attempted - Threats to kill |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
Attempted murder |
0 |
6 |
6 |
|
Attempted rape of a female aged 16 or over |
8 |
20 |
28 |
|
Attempted Residential Burglary of a Home (Dwelling) |
3 |
0 |
3 |
|
Blackmail |
2 |
3 |
5 |
|
Breach of domestic abuse reduction order (Domestic Abuse Act 2021) |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Breach of non-molestation order |
5 |
0 |
5 |
|
Causing a person to engage in sexual activity without consent: Female person |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
Causing a person to engage in sexual activity without consent: Female person no penetration |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Causing a person to engage in sexual activity without consent: Male person |
0 |
2 |
2 |
|
Causing intentional harassment, alarm or distress |
28 |
0 |
28 |
|
Causing or inciting a female child under 16 to engage in sexual activity No Penetration - Offender 18 or over |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
Causing or inciting prostitution for gain |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Causing, permitting or failing to prevent unnecessary suffering of protected animal |
3 |
0 |
3 |
|
Cruelty to Children/Young Persons - Cruelty to and neglect of children |
11 |
8 |
19 |
|
Encourage or assist serious self-harm by another |
2 |
0 |
2 |
|
Endangering Life - Attempting to choke etc in order to commit indictable offence |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Endangering Life - Causing explosions, sending explosive substance or throwing corrosive fluids with intent to do grievous bodily harm |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Engage in controlling/coercive behaviour in an intimate / family relationship. |
233 |
287 |
520 |
|
EXPIRED – NOT FOR USE AFTER 30/01/24 - Disclose or threats to disclose private sexual photographs/film with intent to cause distress. |
39 |
2 |
41 |
|
EXPIRED - NOT FOR USE AFTER 31/03/23 - Aggravated Burglary - Residential - Dwelling |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
EXPIRED - NOT FOR USE AFTER 31/03/23 - Burglary - Residential - Dwelling |
8 |
3 |
11 |
|
Exposure |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Fear or provocation of violence |
12 |
1 |
13 |
|
Harassment |
13 |
9 |
22 |
|
Harassment - Breach of conditions of injunction against harassment |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Harassment - Putting people in fear of violence |
8 |
18 |
26 |
|
Harassment - Stalking involving fear of violence |
27 |
75 |
102 |
|
Harassment - Stalking involving serious alarm/distress |
10 |
15 |
25 |
|
Having possession of a controlled drug - Class B - Cannabis |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Intentional Destruction of a Viable Unborn Child |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Intercourse with an animal by a male |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Intimidating or intending to intimidate a witness |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Kidnapping - False imprisonment |
47 |
71 |
118 |
|
Kidnapping - Kidnapping |
6 |
6 |
12 |
|
Non-fatal strangulation and suffocation |
1847 |
3035 |
4882 |
|
Offence of breach of pre-charge bail conditions relating to travel |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Other criminal damage to a building - business and community (Under £5,000) |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Other criminal damage to a residence (£5,000 and over) |
3 |
0 |
3 |
|
Other criminal damage to a residence (Under £5,000) |
186 |
0 |
186 |
|
Other criminal damage to a vehicle (Under £5,000) |
88 |
0 |
88 |
|
Other criminal damage, other (£5,000 and over) |
8 |
0 |
8 |
|
Other criminal damage, other (Under £5,000) |
862 |
0 |
862 |
|
Owner or person in charge allowing dog to be dangerously out of control in any place in England or Wales (whether or not a public place) injuring any person or assistance dog |
2 |
0 |
2 |
|
Racially or religiously aggravated assault or assault occasioning actual bodily harm |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
Racially or religiously aggravated common assault or beating |
4 |
0 |
4 |
|
Racially or religiously aggravated fear or provocation of violence |
2 |
0 |
2 |
|
Racially or religiously aggravated Harassment or stalking with fear of violence |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
Racially or religiously aggravated harassment, alarm or distress |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Racially or religiously aggravated intentional harassment, alarm or distress |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Racially or religiously aggravated wounding or grievous bodily harm |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
Rape of a female aged 16 or over |
4 |
361 |
365 |
|
Rape of a female aged under 16 |
1 |
17 |
18 |
|
Rape of a female child under 13 by a male |
0 |
2 |
2 |
|
Rape of a male aged 16 or over |
0 |
4 |
4 |
|
Rape of a male child under 13 by a male |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
Residential Burglary of a Home (Dwelling) |
27 |
4 |
31 |
|
Residential Burglary of Unconnected Building (Non-Dwelling) |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Robbery (of a Business Property) |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
Robbery (of Personal Property) |
1 |
17 |
18 |
|
Send communication threatening death or serious harm |
23 |
1 |
24 |
|
Send false communication with intent to cause harm |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Send indecent or grossly offensive communication to cause distress or anxiety Sec 1A Malicious Communications Act 1988 |
181 |
2 |
183 |
|
Send photograph or film of genitals to cause alarm distress or humiliation |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Sexual activity with a child family member - Male - Victim Under 13 - 18 or over - no penetration |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
Sexual activity with a female child under 16 by Penetration - Offender Under 18 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
|
Sexual activity with a female child under 16 No penetration - Offender 18 or over |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Sexual assault of a female child under 13 |
1 |
4 |
5 |
|
Sexual assault on a female |
67 |
45 |
112 |
|
Sexual assault on a male |
3 |
7 |
10 |
|
Sexual assault on a male child under 13 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
Share photograph or film of person in intimate state without consent |
3 |
0 |
3 |
|
Sharing or threatening to share intimate photograph or film to cause alarm, distress or humiliation, or for sexual gratification |
22 |
1 |
23 |
|
Stalking - Pursue course of conduct in breach of Sec 1 (1) which amounts to stalking |
96 |
53 |
149 |
|
Theft from a motor vehicle |
2 |
0 |
2 |
|
Theft from automatic machine or meter |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Theft from the person of another |
41 |
0 |
41 |
|
Theft if not classified elsewhere |
168 |
0 |
168 |
|
Theft in a dwelling other than from automatic machine or meter |
55 |
0 |
55 |
|
Theft of a motor vehicle |
13 |
0 |
13 |
|
Threaten a person with an article in a private place |
40 |
3 |
43 |
|
Threaten a person with an offensive weapon / corrosive substance in a private place |
11 |
0 |
11 |
|
Threaten with a blade or sharply pointed article in a public place |
4 |
0 |
4 |
|
Threaten with an offensive weapon in a public place |
2 |
0 |
2 |
|
Threats to destroy or damage property |
130 |
12 |
142 |
|
Threats to kill |
420 |
174 |
594 |
|
Unauthorised act in relation to a computer causing /creating risk of serious damage |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|
Unauthorised taking of a motor vehicle (does not include 'driving or being carried knowing motor vehicle has been taken ') |
18 |
0 |
18 |
|
Unauthorised taking of conveyance other than a motor vehicle or pedal cycle (does not include being found with a conveyance that has already been stolen) |
2 |
0 |
2 |
|
Voyeurism |
11 |
1 |
12 |
|
Total |
8367 |
4875 |
13242 |
Q4. Breakdown by Gender and Age Group - VICTIMS and SUSPECTS – 2022 to 2024
|
Gender - Victims |
Count |
|
Female |
3912 |
|
Male |
914 |
|
Unknown |
1 |
|
Unspecified |
2 |
|
Not Noted |
56 |
|
Total |
4885 |
|
Gender - Suspects |
Count |
|
Female |
507 |
|
Male |
4047 |
|
Unknown |
3 |
|
(blank) |
19 |
|
Total |
4576 |
|
Age Group - Victims |
Count |
|
<15 |
309 |
|
15-24 |
1123 |
|
25-34 |
1473 |
|
35-44 |
1139 |
|
45-54 |
526 |
|
55-64 |
191 |
|
65+ |
124 |
|
Grand Total |
4885 |
|
Age Group - Suspects |
Count |
|
<15 |
108 |
|
15-24 |
767 |
|
25-34 |
1340 |
|
35-44 |
1289 |
|
45-54 |
675 |
|
55-65 |
291 |
|
>65 |
106 |
|
Grand Total |
4576 |
Q5. Outcomes for Non Live Cases – 2022 to 2024
|
Outcome Type |
Count |
|
Type 1 - Charged/Summonsed/Postal Requisition |
586 |
|
Type 1A - Charged/Summons - alternate offence. Offender has been charged under the alternate offence rule. |
164 |
|
Type 3 - Caution Adult |
38 |
|
Type 3A - Caution Adult - alternate offence. Offender has been given a simple caution under the alternate offences rule. |
13 |
|
Type 8 - Community resolution (Crime) |
31 |
|
Type 10 - Formal Action Against Offender is not in the Public Interest (Police) |
1 |
|
Type 11 - Prosecution Prevented-Named Suspect Identified But Is Below The Age Of Criminal Responsibility |
7 |
|
Type 12 - Prosecution Prevented-Named Suspect Identified But Is Too Ill (Physical Or Mental Health) To Prosecute, or confirmed died either before crime reported or before enough evidence to charge |
27 |
|
Type 13 - Prosecution Prevented-Named Suspect Identified But Victim Or Key Witness Is Dead Or Too Ill To Give Evidence |
5 |
|
Type 14 - Evidential Difficulties Victim Based- Suspect Not Identified: Crime Confirmed But The Victim Either Declines Or Unable To Support Further Police Investigation To Identify The Offender |
93 |
|
Type 15 - Named Suspect Identified: Victim Supports Police Action But Evidential Difficulties Prevent Further Action |
792 |
|
Type 16 - Named Suspect Identified: Evidential Difficulties Prevent Further Action: Victim Does Not Support (Or Has Withdrawn Support From) Police Action |
2395 |
|
Type 17 - Prosecution Time Limit Expired: Suspect Identified But Prosecution Time Limit Has Expired |
31 |
|
Type 18 - Investigation Complete; No Suspect Identified. Crime Investigated As Far As Reasonably Possible-Case Closed Pending Further Investigative Opportunities Becoming Available |
79 |
|
Type 20 - Further action resulting from the crime report will be undertaken by another body or agency subject to the victim (or person acting on their behalf) being made aware of the act to be taken |
149 |
|
Type 21 - Further investigation resulting from crime report which could provide evidence sufficient to support formal action against the suspect is not in the public interest - police decision. |
1 |
|
Type 22 - Diversionary, educational or intervention activity, resulting from the crime report, has been undertaken and it is not in the public interest to take any further action. |
45 |
|
Not Noted |
109 |
|
Total |
4566 |
Q6. Arrests Where Non-Fatal Strangulation is part of the Arrest Reason - 2022 to 2024
|
Year |
Count |
|
2023 |
760 |
|
2024 |
1126 |
|
Grand Total |
1886 |
Every effort is made to ensure that the data provided by Essex Police is accurate and complete. However, Essex Police systems are designed primarily for the management of individual cases and not for the purposes of providing data to answer specific FOI enquiries. Please note although data can be extracted from a number of sources via database queries, the results may be subject to inaccuracies. Care should be taken to understand our return when considering the interpretation or further use of the data.
Headline data on Violence Against the Person offences recorded by Essex Police between January 2022 and December 2024 can be found within the Essex Police performance reports published by the Police, Fire and Crime Commissioner for Essex: